Report 2013 - World Increasingly Dangerous for Refugees and Migrants

REPORT 2013: WORLD INCREASINGLY DANGEROUS FOR REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS

 

(London) Global inaction on human rights is making the world an increasingly dangerous place for refugees and migrants, Amnesty International said today as it launched its annual assessment of the world's human rights.

 

The organization said that the rights of millions of people who have escaped conflict and persecution, or migrated to seek work and a better life for themselves and their families, have been abused. Governments around the world are accused of showing more interest in protecting their national borders than the rights of their citizens or the rights of those seeking refugee or opportunities within those borders. 

 

 "The failure to address conflict situations effectively is creating a global underclass. The rights of those fleeing conflict are unprotected. Too many governments are abusing human rights in the name of immigration control – going well beyond legitimate border control measures," said Salil Shetty, Secretary General of Amnesty International.

 

"These measures not only affect people fleeing conflict. Millions of migrants are being driven into abusive situations, including forced labour and sexual abuse, because of anti-immigration policies which means they can be exploited with impunity. Much of this is fuelled by populist rhetoric that targets refugees and migrants for government's domestic difficulties," said Shetty. 

 

In 2012 the global community witnessed a range of human rights emergencies that forced large numbers of people to seek safety, within states or across borders. From North Korea to Mali, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo people fled their homes in the hope of finding safe haven.  

 

Another year has been lost for the Syrian people, where little changed apart from the ever-increasing numbers of lives lost or ruined as millions of people have been displaced by conflict. The world stood by while Syrian military and security forces continued carry out indiscriminate and targeted attacks on civilians, and to subject to enforced disappearance, arbitrarily detain, torture and extrajudicially execute those deemed to oppose the government, while armed groups continue to hold hostages and to carry out summary killings and torture on a smaller scale.

 

The excuse that human rights are 'internal affairs' has been used to block international action to address rights emergencies such as Syria. The UN Security Council – entrusted with global security and leadership – continue to fail to ensure concerted and unified political action. 

 

"Respect for state sovereignty cannot be used as an excuse for inaction. The UN Security Council must consistently stand up to abuses that destroy lives and force people to flee their homes. That means rejecting worn-out and morally bereft doctrines that mass murder, torture and starvation are no one else's business," said Shetty.

 

People attempting to flee conflict and persecution regularly encountered formidable obstacles trying to cross international borders. It was often harder for refugees to cross borders than it was for the guns and weapons that facilitated the violence that forced such people from their homes. However, the UN's adoption of an Arms Trade Treaty in March 2013 offers hope that shipments of weapons that may be used to commit atrocities may at last be halted.

 

"Refugees and displaced people can no longer be 'out of sight, out of mind'. Their protection falls to all of us. The borderless world of modern communications makes it increasingly difficult for abuses to be hidden behind national boundaries – and is offering unprecedented opportunities for everyone to stand up for the rights of the millions uprooted from their homes," said Shetty.

 

Refugees who were able to reach other countries seeking asylum often found themselves in the same boat - literally and figuratively - as migrants leaving their countries to seek a better life for themselves and their families. Many are forced to live in the margins of society, failed by ineffective laws and policies, and allowed to be the targets of the kind of populist, nationalist rhetoric that stokes xenophobia and increases the risk of violence against them. 

 

The European Union implements border control measures that put the lives of migrants and asylum-seekers at risk and fails to guarantee the safety of those fleeing conflict and persecution. Around the world, migrants and asylum-seekers are regularly locked up in detention centres and in worst case scenarios are held in metal crates or even shipping containers.

 

The rights of huge numbers of the world's 214 million migrants were not protected by their home or their host state. Millions of migrants worked in conditions amounting to forced labour - or in some cases slavery-like conditions - because governments treated them like criminals and because corporations cared more about profits than workers' rights. Undocumented migrants were particularly at risk of exploitation and human rights abuse.

 

"Those who live outside their countries, without wealth or status, are the world's most vulnerable people but are often condemned to desperate lives in the shadows," said Shetty. "A more just future is possible if governments respect the human rights of all people, regardless of nationality. The world cannot afford no-go zones in the global demand for human rights. Human rights protection must be applied to all human beings – wherever they are."

 

Notes to editors

 

1. Amnesty International Report 2013: State of the World's Human Rights covers January-December 2012.

2. Facts and figures, audio-visual materials, details of media events and other information are available. Please email press@amnesty.orgfor further details.

3. For more information or to arrange an interview with an AI spokesperson and those involved in the frontline of the struggle for human rights, contact the Press Office on + 44 (0) 20 7413 5566 or press@amnesty.org.

 

Other human rights developments highlighted in Amnesty International Report 2013:

 

- Amnesty International documented specific restrictions on free speech in at least 101 countries, and torture and ill-treatment in at least 112 countries. 

- Half of humanity remained second-class citizens in the realization of their rights, as numerous nations failed to address gender-based abuse. Soldiers and armed groups committed rapes in Mali, Chad, Sudan and the DRC; women and girls suffered execution-style killings by the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan; and women and girls pregnant through rape or whose pregnancy threatened their health or life were denied access to safe abortions in countries like Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic.

- Across Africa, conflict, poverty and abuses by security forces and armed groups exposed the weakness of regional and international human rights mechanisms – even as the continent prepared to commemorate the African Union's 50th Anniversary, marked by a major AU summit in Ethiopia this week (19-27 May 2013). 

- In the Americas, prosecutions in Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala and Uruguay marked important advances towards justice for past violations. The Inter-American human rights system came under criticism by several governments.

- Freedom of expression came under fire across Asia Pacific, with state oppression in Cambodia, India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, while armed conflicts blighted the lives of tens of thousands in Afghanistan, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. Myanmar freed hundreds of political prisoners, but hundreds more remained under lock and key.

- In Europe and Central Asia, accountability for crimes committed in Europe in the US-led renditions programme was elusive; in the Balkans, the likelihood of justice receded for some victims of 1990s war crimes; and Georgia's elections were a rare example of democratic transition of power in the former Soviet Union as authoritarian regimes retained their grip on power.

- In the Middle East and North Africa, countries where autocratic rulers had been ousted saw greater media freedom and expanding opportunities for civil society, but setbacks too, with challenges to freedom of expression on religious or moral grounds. Across the region, human rights and political activists continued to face repression, including imprisonment and torture in custody. November saw a new escalation in the Israel / Gaza conflict. 

- Globally, the death penalty continued to retreat – despite setbacks including Gambia's first executions for 30 years, and Japan's first execution of a woman in 15 years.